You are looking at the HTML representation of the XML format.
HTML is good for debugging, but is unsuitable for application use.
Specify the format parameter to change the output format.
To see the non HTML representation of the XML format, set format=xml.
See the complete documentation, or API help for more information. 
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<api>
  <query-continue>
    <allimages gaicontinue="T_Raadhuijs_van_Enkhuijsen_soo_als_t_was_1650.jpeg" />
  </query-continue>
  <query>
    <pages>
      <page pageid="2900" ns="6" title="Bestand:T Gemenelands gevangenhuijs in Enkhuijsen was van outs S. Eucherij kapel.jpeg" imagerepository="local">
        <imageinfo>
          <ii timestamp="2023-03-03T13:28:30Z" user="Willem" />
        </imageinfo>
      </page>
      <page pageid="5002" ns="6" title="Bestand:T Giethuijs van achteren en de Noorderpoort 1730.jpeg" imagerepository="local">
        <imageinfo>
          <ii timestamp="2023-03-12T13:55:06Z" user="Willem" />
        </imageinfo>
      </page>
      <page pageid="5003" ns="6" title="Bestand:T Giethuijs van vooren tot Enkhuijsen 1730.jpeg" imagerepository="local">
        <imageinfo>
          <ii timestamp="2023-03-12T13:55:49Z" user="Willem" />
        </imageinfo>
      </page>
      <page pageid="5048" ns="6" title="Bestand:T Raadhuijs van Enkhuijsen soo als t was 1590.jpeg" imagerepository="local">
        <imageinfo>
          <ii timestamp="2023-03-14T17:42:26Z" user="Willem" />
        </imageinfo>
      </page>
    </pages>
  </query>
</api>